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AMA (11th ed.) Style Guide: Journal Article (2 to 6 authors)

An introductory guide to creating end-of-paper references in accordance with the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style (2020).

JOURNAL ARTICLE WITH 2 TO 6 AUTHORS

BASIC COMPONENTS (Journal Article with 2 to 6 Authors)

  • FIRST AUTHOR NAME [comma] SECOND AUTHOR NAME . . . [period]
  • TITLE OF ARTICLE [period]
  • ABBREVIATED TITLE OF JOURNAL [period]
  • YEAR OF PUBLICATION [semicolon]
  • VOLUME NUMBER
  • [parenthesis] ISSUE NUMBER [parenthesis] [colon]
  • PAGE NUMBER(S) [period]
  • DOI

If DOI is not available, add the following:

  • DATE OF ACCESS [period]
  • URL

 

ARRANGING AND FORMATTING COMPONENTS

AUTHOR NAMES

Last name first, followed by first initial and (if given) additional initials. No blank space between initials.

      EXAMPLES 

Cooper T
Berben SAA
Gausche-Hill M
de la Peña SK

Separate multiple authors with a comma. End the list with a period. Do not add the word "and" before the final author name.

      EXAMPLES 

Oren E, Kiene SM.

Schanler RJ, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kim JH.

Rivadeneyra-Posadas JJ, Cubo E, Simón-Vicente L, Garcia-Bustillo Á.

Zhang N, Xiong X, Xu J, Zeng Q, Li J.

Crowder L, Welniak TL, Hoogland AI, Small BJ, Rodriguez Y, Carpenter KM.

 

TITLE OF ARTICLE

Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. All other words remain fully uncapitalized except for: 1) the first letter of proper nouns; 2) acronyms; 3) other miscellaneous circumstances. Do not enclose the full article title in quotation marks. Do not capitalize the first letter of the first word of a subtitle (unless it constitutes an exception).

      EXAMPLES 

Miracle cure kills fifth patient.

The effect of having Christmas dinner with in-laws on gut microbiota composition.

Factitious diarrhea: a case of watery deception.

PGAMgnam style: a glycolytic switch controls biosynthesis.

Can you tell your clunis from your cubitus? a benchmark for functional imaging.

 

ABBREVIATED TITLE OF JOURNAL

Abbreviate and italicize the title of the journal. The journal title abbreviation may be provided by the article itself or the database record. If not, you can do the following:

      EXAMPLES 

JAMA.

Am J Surg.

Med Lett Drugs Ther.

Some short journal titles are not abbreviated.

      EXAMPLES 

Anesthesiology.

Cancer.

Gut.

 

YEAR OF PUBLICATION / VOLUME AND ISSUE NUMBER / PAGE NUMBER(S)

The year of publication, volume/issue number, and page number(s) form an unbroken character string. Do not include blank spaces. Place a semicolon after the year and a colon after the volume/issue number.

      EXAMPLES 

2021;7(3):29.

2009;316(12):149-158.

1996;347(9016):1663-1668.

1957;82(42)(suppl 1):B1-B7.

However, if the journal article has discontinuous pagination (i.e., skips one or more pages), a blank space(s) will be included within the pagination portion of the character string.

      EXAMPLES 

2015;34(3):110-112, 115.

1972;14(4):506-516, 518, 521-522.

 

DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a document published online. Include the DOI at the end of the reference, prefaced with the lowercase acronym (doi) and a colon. Do not include a blank space after the colon. Do not add a period after the DOI.

      EXAMPLES 

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1116993

doi:10.3138/cpp.2022-008

doi:10.4314/eajph.v7i4.64772

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.2210-18

 

DATE OF ACCESS / URL (if DOI not available)

If a DOI is not available, include the word "Accessed" followed by the date of access (month day [comma] year) and a period. Do not abbreviate the month. Then add a stable URL for the article. Do not include a period after the URL.

      EXAMPLES 

Accessed September 14, 2016. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/family-stress-perceived-social-support-coping-who/docview/304131056/se-2

Accessed June 5, 2021. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=10646305&login.asp&site=ehost-live

 

SAMPLE REFERENCES (Journal Article with 2 to 6 Authors)

Alola AA, Kirikkaleli D. The nexus of environmental quality with renewable consumption, immigration, and healthcare in the US: wavelet and gradual-shift causality approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26(34):35208-35217. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06522-y

Thornhill J, Clements D, Neeson J. Myths, "zombies" and "damned lies" plague Canadian healthcare systems: what's a researcher to do? Healthc Q. 2008;11(3):14-15. Accessed May 30, 2006. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105584269&login.asp&site=ehost-live

Yi-Song Liew T, Zhi Qiang Seah B, Chua CG, Boon Chuan Tan B. Management of SARS-CoV-2 in the military and lessons for future pandemics. Mil Med. 2022;187(9):e1530-e1537. doi:10.1093/milmed/usab337

Goh EK, Son BH, Kong SK, Chon KM, Cho KS. Analysis of hepatitis B virus in the cerumen and otorrhea of chronic HBV-infected patients: is there a hepatitis B virus infectivity? Otol Neurotol. 2008;29(7):929-932. doi:10.1097/mao.0b013e31817fdfc3

Xie YH, Chongsuvivatwong V, Tan Y, Tang ZZ, Sornsrivichai V, McNeil EB. Important roles of public playgrounds in the transmission of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Epidemiol Infect. 2015;143(7):1432-1441. doi:10.1017/S0950268814002301