BASIC COMPONENTS (Journal Article with 1 Author)
If DOI is not available, add the following:
ARRANGING AND FORMATTING COMPONENTS
AUTHOR NAME
Last name first, followed by first initial and (if given) additional initials. End with a period. No blank space between initials.
EXAMPLES
Cooper T.
Berben SAA.
Gausche-Hill M.
de la Peña SK.
TITLE OF ARTICLE
Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. All other words remain fully uncapitalized except for: 1) the first letter of proper nouns; 2) acronyms; 3) other miscellaneous circumstances. Do not enclose the full article title in quotation marks. Do not capitalize the first letter of the first word of a subtitle (unless it constitutes an exception).
EXAMPLES
Miracle cure kills fifth patient.
The effect of having Christmas dinner with in-laws on gut microbiota composition.
Factitious diarrhea: a case of watery deception.
PGAMgnam style: a glycolytic switch controls biosynthesis.
Can you tell your clunis from your cubitus? a benchmark for functional imaging.
ABBREVIATED TITLE OF JOURNAL
Abbreviate and italicize the title of the journal. The journal title abbreviation may be provided by the article itself or the database record. If not, you can do the following:
EXAMPLES
JAMA.
Am J Surg.
Med Lett Drugs Ther.
Some short journal titles are not abbreviated.
EXAMPLES
Anesthesiology.
Cancer.
Gut.
YEAR OF PUBLICATION / VOLUME AND ISSUE NUMBER / PAGE NUMBER(S)
The year of publication, volume/issue number, and page number(s) form an unbroken character string. Do not include blank spaces. Place a semicolon after the year and a colon after the volume/issue number.
EXAMPLES
2021;7(3):29.
2009;316(12):149-158.
1996;347(9016):1663-1668.
1957;82(42)(suppl 1):B1-B7.
However, if the journal article has discontinuous pagination (i.e., skips one or more pages), a blank space(s) will be included within the pagination portion of the character string.
EXAMPLES
2015;34(3):110-112, 115.
1972;14(4):506-516, 518, 521-522.
DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a document published online. Include the DOI at the end of the reference, prefaced with the lowercase acronym (doi) and a colon. Do not include a blank space after the colon. Do not add a period after the DOI.
EXAMPLES
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1116993
doi:10.3138/cpp.2022-008
doi:10.4314/eajph.v7i4.64772
doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.2210-18
DATE OF ACCESS / URL (if DOI not available)
If a DOI is not available, include the word "Accessed" followed by the date of access (month day [comma] year) and a period. Do not abbreviate the month. Then add a stable URL for the article. Do not include a period after the URL.
EXAMPLES
Accessed September 14, 2016. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/family-stress-perceived-social-support-coping-who/docview/304131056/se-2
Accessed June 5, 2021. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=10646305&login.asp&site=ehost-live
SAMPLE REFERENCES (Journal Article with 1 Author)
Espinosa N. Ankle arthrodesis in crippled cases. Foot Ankle Clin. 2022;27(4):867-881. doi:10.1016/j.fcl.2022.07.004
Deady B. The unbearable rightness of two-ball fetch. CMAJ. 2019;191(27):E766-E767. doi:10.1503/cmaj.190213
Davies KTJ. Know your poison: predictable molecular changes confer toxin resistance in snakes. Evolution. 2017;71(6):1728-1729. doi:10.1111/evo.13259
Bellandi D. Running at capacity. Mod Healthc. 1999;29(25):110, 112-113. Accessed January 9, 2023. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=10538581&login.asp&site=ehost-live
Mullan E. Do you think that your local area is a good place for young people to grow up? the effects of traffic and car parking on young people's views. Health Place. 2003;9(4):351-360. doi:10.1016/s1353-8292(02)00069-2
Korhonen TK. Fibrinolytic and procoagulant activities of Yersinia pestis and Salmonella enterica. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13(suppl 1):S115-S120. doi:10.1111/jth.12932